The Precarious Future of the Nation-State (2)

The industrial revolution develops new political structures - extensive colonization of the entire planet, the diversified domination of the bourgeoisie through parliamentary systems or dictatorships, always with the widespread use of war, violence against workers and colonized peoples. 

From an economic point of view, the liberal capitalism produces cartels, imperialism, and develops economic and political functions’ fusion formulas through state capitalism and fascism.

Westerners present themselves as the builders of history, the only ones capable of defining the future, and therefore the carriers of universality.

B - Imperialism and its limits

 

  8 - The Industrial Revolution

  9 - The construction of imperialism

10 - Mature imperialism

11 - The Two Great Wars and the Dawn of Keynesianism

12 - State Capitalism and Fascism

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8- The Industrial Revolution

 

The group of several profound alterations at the production level (spinning machine, steam engines, and channel construction, among others), work and technology, was called Industrial Revolution and ran for a century, from the second half of the XVIII century[1], the starting epoch for the first cycle defined by Kondratiev[2] to characterize the capitalist carousel, with expansion periods and others of contraction of the economic activity, with marked effects on social welfare and in the ambit of politics and military conflict. 

Returning to England, the Industrial Revolution and the salaried labour were leading workers to greatly precarious living and to a strong collective consciousness of their condition. In the north of the country they decided to elect, outside the legal framework, deputies to the Parliament, to represent them; and when, in 1819, 100,000 workers assembled in Manchester, the state, through cavalry, intervened to establish the power of

The Precarious Future of the Nation-State (1)

 

Decolonization and recent independence movements hold the constitution of nation-states as a high point, perhaps definitive, for the beatitude of peoples, replicating the construction of nation-states in Europe, where they were the object of a slow process, dating to several centuries ago.

 

Nowadays, globalization develops processes to make the nation-states subalterns, with the creation of norms and institutions of many-nations or of international scope, implicitly assuming that the nation-states’ scope is too narrow.

 

Between the nation-state of the past and the unification and uniformity of the planet carried out by the multinationals and the financial capital, where do the roles and status of the peoples and individual persons lie? And, from an active and prospective point of view, what attitudes and choices should the peoples assume?

Summary

A - Notes on the birth of the nation-state

1 - Colonial expansion led to the construction of the modern state

2 - The State, an essential element for accumulation

3 - Nations and nation-states

4 - The aggrandizement of a state apparatus always involves violence

5 - L'Etat, c'est moi!

6 - The importance of patriotism

7 - The beginning of industrial capitalism

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A - Notes on the birth of the nation-state

1 - Colonial expansion led to the construction of the modern state

 

Nation-states emerged in the XVII/XVIII centuries. In Europe, until then and since the dismemberment of the Roman Empire, there were territories under the tutelage of a king, accepted as an aggregator and arbiter by a nobility of landowners, to whom a multitude of poor peasants were

Union of the European Peoples or nationalism on the loose

We have never been as close as now to the unification of the human species, and it has never been as needed as now; all it takes is to keep globalization and bury capitalism. It is urgent to go on building a Weltanschauung, a cosmic vision that frames the appropriate strategies and tactics.

Contents [1]


1 – Globalization has made the nation-states obsolete

2 – The currently dominating triad

3 – A few ideological instruments for domination

4 – State apparatuses resume themselves to the exercise of fiscal punch and violence

5 – Good reasons to building alternatives

6 – From romantic nationalism to fascism

7 – Nationalism’s and fascism’s social basis

8 – The origins of “leftist” nationalism

9 – From nationalism to fascism takes just a midget’s step

10 – Times are difficult. The exit is narrow and unique



1 – Globalization has made the nation-states obsolete


Globalization and the new technologies gradually unify peoples, ease cultural exchanges, create new entities and remove relevance from the vast majority of nation-states, built since the XVII century onwards through wars that have consolidated on their respective territories national bourgeoisies jealous of

How the financial system captures Humankind through debt (concl.)

Capture is a form of violence. A debt that is based on capture is illegitimate, even if it is accepted by the political classes, where absent-minded and corrupt people cohabit.  Counting only the derivatives created by the financial system, each human being’s share is $125000; and even if they’d be satisfied with just the interest, at a rate of about 3%, each human being would have to contribute, on average, with $3750 towards the fattening of the financial capital.

Read previous papers here: first and second

Contents

4 – Illegitimacy regarding the debt’s constitution devices

5 – The debt’s unsustainability

5.1 – The Portuguese debt’s unsustainability  

How the financial system captures Humankind through debt (2)

That debt ascribed to us by the financial system and the political class is not ours. It is illegitimate because nothing to the people’s benefit comes from it, and to accept it is to legalize the robbery of our future.

Contents

0 – Introduction

1 – The parties’ free will

2 – A primordial political illegitimacy  

3 – Illegitimacy as to the objective  

3.1 – Occultation, the mother of all swindles

3.2 – Conditions for evaluating legitimacy

How the financial system captures Humankind through debt (1)

Debt, in becoming perpetual, is transformed into an income that feeds capitalistic parasitism. Regardless of the debt being the one subscribed by us, or the one labeled as public and endorsed to us by the political class, by order of the financial system.

Contents

1 – From currency to debt and the role of the State

2 – How to build debt and its meek acceptance

3 – Capitalism does exist, it is best not to forget

4 – The role of States in the financial system’s fattening

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1 – From currency to debt and the role of the State

There has been a long epoch where debts were part of the naturally occurring exchanges between people seeking to satisfy their needs, within the interaction context amongst members of the same community, and where usury was not part of their way of thinking.  Debts were part of the natural imbalances within the community, and had no role as differentiating and autonomous elements of domination of creditors over debtors; credits as assets and debts as liabilities.