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sexta-feira, 12 de novembro de 2021

Glasgow – Guinness mugs on the loose

 1 - The mandarin spectacle – COP 26

 2 - Against the irrationality inherent to capitalism? Not really…

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1 - The mandarin spectacle – COP 26

It becomes absolutely evident that COP 26 is just a media number to convince the naive that the large and small national mandarins present in Glasgow will do something substantive in the environmental chapter. With less media attention, an event supported by the Alliance of World Scientists in August with more than 15,000 signatories, from 160 countries, in support of the following declaration: World Scientists Warning of a Climate Emergency.

For the solemnity intended to be given to the Glasgow conference, it began with an error revealing gross ignorance. Prosecutors presented a video about the extinction of dinosaurs and did not think that those animals died in a cold climate after a meteorite hit; and not with global warming like the one we are witnessing. The meteorite of that time today would be capitalism. And if someone insane thinks of applying a radical solution to cool the climate, it's enough to generate a… nuclear war; the bombs and vehicles to drop them are in constant need...

COP26 clearly shows its oligarchic spirit by considering, almost exclusively, the presence of representatives from countries, from governmental spheres; with the … natural removal of thousands of NGOs dedicated to gathering information and putting in the field options that governments, on top of their oligarchical pedestals, do not consider it per se and, even less, deign to apply. On November 3, thousands of NGOs present in Glasgow, the accredited were just four! The dichotomy between the set of political classes present at the conference, and the NGOs, is clear. NGOs originated social initiatives, in spite many of them they naively believe that those political classes, under the effect of a divine breath, will be in charge of burying capitalism and redeem themselves, like ascetics, in a frugal convent life…

 


For national oligarchs, the world belongs to them, even if some are more equal than others…; and the common people, they cannot mix with the oligarchs, they stay at the door. The young Greta Thunberg[1] portrayed this situation very well – “This is no longer a climate conference, it is a festival washing the green image for the global North”; thus, this situation deserves all critical radicalism, showing itself as a mirror of what capitalism is and, in this context, it deserves all the opposition that is necessary to make to the political classes that, as a rule, are problems in themselves and only for the naive, resolution builders.

The global political class, faced with opposition as weak as that emanating from ecological parties and groups, does not even hide; on the contrary, it has no concern to hide its image as reckless spendthrifts, nor the exhibitionism and arrogance typical of those who know how poor the understanding and performance of victims of the dominant economic and political system is. As it is mirrored in Glasgow… Let's look at some examples.

A few days ago, from October 29th to 31st, in Rome, at the meeting of the G20, a group formed by the countries with the greatest economic power in the world, they received from the partner Maserati 40 cars available to the mandarins (read heads of State and of Government) for use during the conclave. 

To participate in COP26, 400 private jets arrived in Glasgow, each with a mandarin (the ride is not planned!) all “full of enthusiasm” to participate in the circus. It is known that they emit 13,000 t of CO2, equivalent to the consumption of 1600 Scots during a year, according to the Sunday Mail!

Still in Glasgow, Biden's enthusiasm was so great that he was dozing a little during a session… Days before, Biden (some people call him Zombiden) disembarked in Rome for a G20 session, in his Cadillac One, a mastodon with an 8100 cc engine, very ecological because… it consumes only 29 to 64 litres of gasoline per 100 kilometres (!) and that circulated in a procession with more… 84 cars for the safety of the individual. But it would be unfair if we limited ourselves to the behavior of the limited Biden as Ursula von der Leyen, more measured, only used her private jet on 18 of her 34 official trips, including in one of them a route of… 50 km, between Vienna and Bratislava.

Biden knows he has little leeway in Congress to apply $555,000M to climate change. In contrast, in the US, the fossil fuel sectors have received $3B over the past six years. Interestingly, the same Biden facilitated a 900% increase in coal shipped to China while seeking to limit Russian and Qatari gas sales to replace them with shale gas, the extraction of which is an environmental crime![2]. Years ago, we observed in a National Geographic article a very strange situation… In a place close to one of these extractions, in the USA, when a burning match approached from the water that came out of a tap, the liquid produced small flames.

Some three years ago, 300,000 commercial aircraft circulated daily, in addition to the totally nefarious and useless exercises carried out in the context of military manoeuvres. In addition to other specific operations with a useful purpose, between the military, in Portugal, we only register as worthy the coordination carried out by Gouveia e Melo within the scope of covid 19.

Such a nourishing party in Glasgow seems to be destined to present a novelty — the creation of the first global tax (“carbon tax”) by the States, levied by the respective local mandarins, who will, of course, be responsible for transmitting this tax burden to the people.

Of course, this won't affect fossil fuel emporiums much; they are well aware that the automobile is the most loved element of families, who sacrifice themselves to have a vehicle available at their doorstep. Experience shows that the appreciation of the car is so great that the common people will accept, resignedly, to pay any increase in taxes that may encumber the ownership of a vehicle and its circulation. On the other hand, no one sane will believe that the political classes will override the interests of their national companies in the field of automobiles and fuel sales; imposing limitations and tax burdens on those who, by tradition, finance the dominant parties and their bosses.

The WHO, which has not been brilliant in combating the coronavirus, even with substantial financial support from Gates, presents, in times of COP26, a proposal to reduce accidents and deaths on the road that are guided, per year, respectively, in 50 and 1.3 millions of people (Global Plan for the Decade of Action for Road Safety). This plan aims to reduce speed limits to 30 km/h in urban areas, to 80 km/h in localities and to 100 km/h in motorways. According to the director of the WHO Department of Social Determinants of Health, Etienne Krug, the more than 50 M who have died on the roads since the invention of cars clearly outnumber those killed in the four years of World War I (20 M).

The dominant economic environment shows the focus on increasing profits, increasing production, exports, competition, inveterate consumption fostered by advertising; as well as in the reduction of the direct intervention of the workers, in the reduction of the production costs or, of the ratio of wages/profits. The WHO Plan, confronted with the real economic environment, would have to imply a profound change in the economic paradigm, in a political involvement barely visible in the global context of economist, of corrupt political classes captured by economic interests. Above all, it demands strong activism from the populations themselves in favour of the health and well-being of all, which would make evident the uselessness of the political classes, financed by the States and by entities with hidden interests; an alternative for the construction of effectively democratic models of political representation with the annulment of the existence of political oligarchies, such as those present at COP26.

2 - Against the irrationality inherent to capitalism? Not really…

The aforementioned elements point to profound changes to be developed in human mobility, both in long distances and in current, short-distance movements and, above all, in commuting to home/work, especially when accompanied by triangular paths involving schools or nurseries. The solutions contemplate the reduction of time and dimension of the home/work routes through public transport, without emission of gases and, to the detriment and discrimination of car transport when, in addition, with the driver as the only passenger. And, one could go even further, mixing workplaces with residential areas in order to reduce commuting routes on transport or even cover these routes on foot.

It is completely irrational to spend an inordinate amount of time in public transport, full of people, with the air saturated and bottled up in traffic, in the well-known stop-and-go; it is irrational to spend a considerable amount of time in an endless line of cars, idling, releasing toxic gases into the atmosphere, in the morning and at the end of the afternoon, passing through a school or kindergarten; The low investment in electricity-powered rail routes is irrational: it is irrational to build huge buildings with several dwellings per floor, with elevator costs and little space for parking, even if free and not subject to payment to a local authority or a company. The constant increase in urban and suburban areas always comes before careful planning of the transport network; and these end up adapting to the layout of the streets, available to the buildings, without any planning or rationality on the part of municipalities mined with shady business between mandarins and property developers.

The concentration of economic activities in urban areas, sometimes gigantic, constantly attracts population, contributing to the depletion of rural areas, with little economic activity and reduced sanitary coverage, adjusted for an ageing population, with deserted villages and closed houses, when not in accelerated degradation. That is, a dichotomous and regressive occupation of the territory.

Clean energies fall into two groups.

Some require heavy and expensive infrastructure, operating in a contractual, market logic, between producers and consumers, with the inevitable presence of an increased tax burden to feed political classes, always eager to use the state machine, not retreating from favours and other acts corrupt. They are based on mercantile logic and tend to be invasive – wind towers, hectares covered with solar panels, requiring transport networks with inherent losses along the way.

The second version consists of the easy adaptation to a family house or a group of tenants in a medium-sized building, capable of production for self-consumption; without tax, but with partial interference from large electrical companies, in periods of low production. In Portugal, the intervention of the troika in 2013/15 introduced a 23% VAT rate, the same one used for sumptuous consumptions and for necessities, such as electricity consumed in homes; this situation is inside the action of a predatory State, collecting an immeasurable tax burden and revealing a reality in which taxes can be created, maintained but rarely reduced. And, when reduced, it is because of compensation in another tax.

The lightness of the political classes in the face of the situation associated with the contempt for the human multitude on the part of the capitalists, especially the powerful, such as Bezos[3] or Gates; or from inept politicians like Biden or Boris. Fearful of any more harmful attitude to their important carcasses, they only feel safe, in the company of their peers, always surrounded by police and security guards.

The problem in today's world is that smart people are

full of  doubts and idiot people are full of certainty

The common press lives in a concubinage relationship with the political class; together they constitute a pair of entertainers from the crowd. Members of the political class need the media to constantly divulge their abilities, their speeches, their presence in public places, the applause of the bastards; and, vice versa, the media, in order to sell the advertising that pays the costs, unfolds itself in the collection and dissemination of opinions, promises, criticisms of the opposition, by the mandarins; the more tense a political dispute, the more the subject matters to the media. Political class and press constitute two osmotic worlds where emptiness, lies, is the main elements placed in the press in general or, broadcast on TV, for the more media, 24 hours a day, interspersed with contests, idiotic series or full of violence and football; and, in the latter case, it is a matter of extremely narrow effective content, made up of exacerbated rivalries and conflicts, between managers eager for money from player transfers.

It is evident that the capitalists and the political classes have always been light-hearted in the face of transformations that lead, all over the place, to poor air quality, diseases, exhausting displacements within urban areas, exhaustion, and poisoning of agricultural soils, etc. everything, following its productivism, its eagerness for the growth of the GDP or, the accumulation of capital, if you prefer…

To say lightness is, in fact, very… light. Both groups — capitalists and political classes — are fierce defenders of the so-called free market, even if its operation, in the main business areas, has been controlled by companies or oligopolies of enormous size and power. The drive for a constant valuation of securities on the stock exchanges dominates the large global emporiums, and this drive has repercussions on the lower levels of business. On the other hand, this valuation incorporates billions of fictitious currency units, so that said financial markets are always expanding. And, governments follow the same logic by that dazzle people, taking as their objective the infinite growth of the GDP, covering up, in between, the stagnation or the weak evolution of real income from work[4].

As for global warming, the subject will drop off the agenda when the Glasgow meeting closes. Capitalists and their peers will continue to show a reasonable disinterest, more focused on the appreciation of securities on the stock market. And, the political classes will keep global warming on the agenda, on a low heat, as a way of putting pressure on governments. As for the ecological groups, they become parties like the others, like the German Greens, entering the German government, as years ago in the war in the former Yugoslavia; or, they are content to present creative technologies to postpone the moment of a massive collapse, without touching the global model of capitalist management or even the representational model, oligarchic and authoritarian.

 

The perfect dictatorship will have the appearances of democracy, a prison without walls in which prisoners will not even dream of escaping. A system of slavery where, thanks to consumption and entertainment, slaves will love slavery

This and other texts in:

http://grazia-tanta.blogspot.com/

http://www.slideshare.net/durgarrai/documents                                

https://pt.scribd.com/uploads

 


[1] Has Greta learned that there is no constructive dialogue with the top names of the political class? We recall her (useless) meeting a couple of years ago with Obama, the promoter of the wars of destruction in Libya, Syria and Iraq; the same Obama who appears with the purity of a dove, at the conclave of COP26, as he presented  himself as a dove of peace, deserving the Nobel, just before deciding to invade Libya , proceeding with the destructuring of West Asia and validating the coup d'etat in Egypt to bring dictator al-Sisi to power. 

[2] The factual elements contained in the previous paragraphs are mostly from https://informacaoincorrecta.com (G20 and COP26: WYSIWYG)  

[3] Bezos hasn't found anything smarter than paying a fortune for a four-minute suborbital ride https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/jeff-bezos-space-flight-money-better-uses/ 

[4] The Portuguese Prime Minister recently proposed an increase, for 2022, of the minimum wage, from €700 to €705, ie +0.71%, which is below the expected inflation (0.9%). It is about the misery of a Portugal of the little ones.

terça-feira, 6 de julho de 2021

Notes on the ongoing fascist drift

1.   There are several types of households. And, it is these nuclei that constitute the true monads of social life.

·        The vast majority is threatened by the police intrusion of tax agencies, always pressured by governments to implement a growing fiscal penalty, using and abusing the possibility of digging through various databases in search of increased income from those who live on the income of the work. But less so from the so-called entrepreneurs because “they are the ones who create the jobs”, in a logic that emanates from the most reactionary skulls. It is the fiscal penalty, which is conveniently comprehensive regarding the inflows/outflows of capital to offshores.

·        In general, the overwhelming majority of family nuclei are threatened by the pressure of capitalists in conditioning the income from work, through unpaid overtime, the precariousness of work that leads to precariousness in life, the rising age for retirement, in a plan that it means less time out of work and more extended time on the job, with discounts[1]. It is the pressure of capital with the subservient cooperation of the political class, mandated and obedient.

·        All are threatened by the financial system which, capturing the apparatus of the State and the political classes, favours unbridled consumerism paid on credit or, anchored in mortgages, capable of generating brutal losses in the event of default. It is about the pressure of the financial system, as a rule slavishly carried out by governments, also highly dependent on credit.

2. There is an osmotic, promiscuous and servile relationship between the political classes and the dominant strata of the capitalists (large industry, services and the financial system); and, a hierarchy that includes the so-called PME's[2], the champions of tax evasion, with the benevolence of governments, knowing that without this flight, low wages and job insecurity, many of these PME's would not be viable. It is one more form of state support towards social harmonization, smoothing the sharpest edges.

The drive of governments are, as a rule, emanations from the political classes, in the sense of conditioning and the growing capture of income from the population; is the same drive that focuses on the idiocy of the infinite growth of GDP. This, however, is not the greatest drama of our times. More relevant is the apathy of the multitude of workers and former workers; the anchyloses of their traditional institutions (unions); which allows the existence and fattening of capitalists and political classes, through the insertion of capital in Ponzi pyramids, from of the creation of money, out of nothing, without any relation to the so-called “real economy”. Tolerance that generates apathy, the disconnect between disadvantaged human groups and the victims of the action of political and economic structures, constitutes the main cause of Humanity's dramas nowadays.

3. For those who place climate change as their first priority, we say that without the dismantling of the capitalist logic, climate change will continue to be just collateral damage, from the dominant point of view, of capital accumulation and political classes, with ecological groups childishly to believe that they can catechize the political classes, in parliamentary action, in the sense of a (chimerical) imposition on common capitalists and the financial system. The practice of ecological groups in the last fifty years has been to osmosis themselves with liberal, social-democratic or Trotskyist-Stalinist groups, whose withering is visible; together, there is nothing structural about their practices, just the underlining of a “there is no alternative ”. Claiming against the effects without trying to suppress the causes is a gross methodological and political error.

Given the occurrence of an acceleration of these           changes, a dilemma arises:

·         humans are able to manage the planet in a logic of satisfying their needs, living beings and the planet's balance, which requires the abolition of the logic of capital accumulation that, by nature, focuses on endless growth;

·        or, the capitalists and their political officials proceed to a segmentation of the human herd between the useful members to the accumulation and the negligent ones, whose number must be reduced through diseases, reduction of the birth rate and of the longevity. A process that excites technologists and capitalists, with the replacement of human beings by robots.

4. However, the costs of capitalism's damages are transferred to the States, to be paid by an ever-increasing tax burden, which is particularly burdensome on labour income. The typical intra-capitalist competition requires the presence of increasingly lethal military forces, priority users of technologies with enormous power of confinement or destruction; and, with the promotion of nationalist and racist particularisms, old and excellent instruments for dividing the human herd.

The aforementioned apathy combines with the constant flood of media rubbish from television stations, the written press and digital platforms that, magnanimous, freely dump fantasies, lies and imbecilities at the disposal of all. This immense mass of data, under the name of information, serves for the construction and measurement of the state of mind of the large, inorganic masses of people, for the adoption of practices, ideologies, consumptions and social habits, leading to a collective alienation of the crowd that, in turn, ensures “the business must go on ”. In earlier times (in Europe) alienation stemmed from the narratives surrounding the figure of a vigilant named Jesus, imposed by temporal power and by the great mass of ecclesiastics. Can data used for manipulation purposes be called information?

Apathy incorporates, as genetics, the idea of ​​defending the homeland[3] and allows the daydreams with which the political classes finance military institutions; this incorporation can manifest itself in the trivialization of a culture of acceptance of violence and war, taken with natural elements for resolving differences, whether on the battlefield or in street demonstrations, in the silent violence of the workplace and residence. This apathy flattens, for example, domestic violence, taken as something with strong roots in society and, therefore, trivialized, as the subordination of women.

5. The nationalist idea fosters antagonisms between people who are not at all conflicting with each other, who do not even know each other, but only because they focus on different coloured cloths waving in the wind, if not on racist prejudices. Nationalism is a gift that is offered to the powerful and politicians of a country to legally and therefore, with impunity, demand resources and sacrifices from the population; putting immigrants in the background, in terms of rights and income, in a racist, exclusionary and cowardly attitude. Dividing and ruling is a practice with millennia of practice.

6.   The anchoring of family income and economic life in general is evident in the opaque activity of the financial system, whose databases allow for an almost nudity in people's everyday lives; the next abolition of physical money will be a giant step towards the lechery and control of each human being or by the financial system, in partnership with the “operationals” who show their face – the political classes. I partiti politici si dividono in grandi e piccoli. I grandi mentono e rubano. I piccolli desiderano sopprattutto di crescere (E. de Straznik).

7. The ideological defilement is permanent and overwhelming. In schools and universities, utilitarianism prevails, contempt for the social sciences, which have become instruments of social domestication or instruments of value generation, which, obviously, will essentially accumulate in the capitalists' patrimony. Is it by chance that economics taught at universities is essentially a technical discipline, with a lot of GDP, profit, supply, demand, competitiveness, value creation, entrepreneurship and the like? The interest of capitalists in introducing themselves into economic education aims to train agents of capital who, taking into account the cost of fees, privilege the offspring of capitalists, naturally nullifying this possibility among young people from the middle and lower classes of the population who, according to “modern” political regimes, they should be limited to their economic and social subordination. The time of the stairwell universities that honored figures of the Portuguese intelligentsia, such as Relvas, Passos, Sócrates or Vara, seems to have passed.

8.  The credit chains, involving States, families, companies, duly monitored by central banks and by the voluptuousness of stock exchanges, they are consistent with the infinite growth of GDP, as an inexhaustible source of enrichment for capitalists, with the intrusion and monitoring of the so-called “big date”. Conversely, the families, they are faced with huge debts for the use of a house, with high risks in terms of unemployment, increases in the tax burden and prices defined by oligopolies (fuels, banking services, transport, supermarkets, telecommunications). The tare of infinite GDP growth constitutes the usual engine of the diaphanous unreality that enriches the rich, on the one hand, and fosters huge pockets of poverty absolute or relative among workers, pensioners, and the unemployed. Recently, the frightening and impoverishing contribution of COVID-19 has strongly increased the autocratic and repressive power of the state apparatus, to the precariousness of work, to the confinement required by telework and, consequently, to the fragility of the poorest people's lives.

  1. It is clear that companies and capitalists also contribute to fiscal punishment, but their relationship with the state apparatus is much more promiscuous and varied; there is tax evasion, subsidies, legislative support and, above all, a real possibility of raising prices, reducing costs, contracting debt and obtaining subsidies or tax deductions from the State.

At the top of the state apparatus are the various strains of the political class, much more equal than diversified; and, always complainants lack of financial resources by pressing the plebs towards increasing revenue tax and expenditure restraint public social character; hence, as a rule, increases in taxes and public debt.

The divorce between those who live on income from work and the State is evident; their interests are antagonistic or, if the capitalist state, is not an enormous abscess in the life of communities.

10.  The exclusions and dormancy in which most peoples of the world live facilitate the authoritarian and fascist impulses on the part of governments that, if necessary, will make use of heavily armed police officers and indoctrinated in canine obedience to … attack with water cannons, sticks, humanized dogs to attack people, if not rubber or real bullets that always accidentally injure or kill protesters; as it was frequent in the demonstrations of the French Gillets Jaunes.

The surveillance of each person's movements and opinions is potentially carried out through numerous channels - landline or mobile telephone network - the so-called “social” networks where imbecilities predominate but under the scrutiny of big data and the police, whenever If necessary, they can carry out specific queries to identify “dangerous” ideas. This happens while the courts are proving to be bottomless pits where cases of scams and corruption involving people of the political class and media entrepreneurs are in a state of dormancy.  Recently, fourteen members of the gang in government functions (PS) issued, with pomp and circumstance, a Portuguese Charter on Human Rights in the Digital Age that was identified as “belonging to the family of censorship”

The media, little differentiated, highly concentrated in the hands of financial or advertising groups, clearly practice an erasure of ideas that are unfriendly to power; and, to present a democratic facade, they promote one or another, allegedly left-wing, commentator.

11. The dominant representation model shows a substitute monarch to symbolize the homeland and which is called the President of the Republic, although there are cases in Europe in which folklore is carried out by a king. They are individuals at the end of their careers, walking in procession through the territory or, in presidential regimes, individuals duly trained in the management of the interests of the powerful.

Elections for parliaments usually fall to individuals belonging to institutions – the parties – which are divided into two large groups.

·          The most relevant group is those who manage the State apparatus, in an osmotic relationship with the capitalists, the financial system or, members of cavernous entities such as law firms, specialized in influence peddling; they will also benefit from permissive, dubious legislation, cumbersome and ineffective judicial systems;

·          The minority group is that of deputies who are the protagonists of the opposition and the media animation that aims to attract the (scarce) assistant people.

The two groups have in common their presentation as interpreters and caretakers of popular interests, even if they do not comply with the basic rule of representation that the decision rests with the represented and not the representative.

12.  To finish, and taking advantage of the next electoral carnival, of a municipal character, we add some notes that intend to show what is a representation and a democratic decision : and, what is the totalitarian manoeuver that constitutes the DNA of the party sects:

·          The decisions on the collective needs are taken by its direct stakeholders (the population) in line with their elected and, not emanating from supporters directories;

·    The election is aimed at individuals, at the local/regional/national level, through their own initiative applications. Thus, there are no applications in the form of lists. The elected will have to harmonize, collectively, for the decision;

·          Limitation of the number of mandates (maximum of two or three). The exercise of political functions, of representation, is not a way of life but a duty of citizenship. It is intended to avoid the encystment of political classes;

·          Possibility of termination by referendum, of mandates on the initiative of voters, of the same geographical framework in which the election was carried out;

·          Opening and facilitating referendums by decision of the political structures or of the population inserted in the same geographical framework;

·          Total absence of perks and immunities for all those who hold positions representing the population; and, an aggravated criminal framework without prescription, for cases of corruption;

·         The staff of the Public administration and the judiciary are technical structures, independent of the various levels of government action;

·      The government consists of the elected representatives for RA and , as such , may be dismissed, of these functions under parliamentary decision or have the mandate as a deputy impeached, by popular referendum.

·       Free and easy access to all files and decisions of public bodies

·   Judgement of corrupt and mismanagement acts that have taken place in the last 25 years

 This and other documents, here:

http://grazia-tanta.blogspot.com/  

http://www.slideshare.net/durgarrai/documents

https://pt.scribd.com/uploads                                


[1] In Portugal, this innovation was carried out by two PS entities; such Vieira da Silva, a former minister who retired and Pedro Marques, his subordinate and executor of this innovation about fifteen years ago, currently to accumulate political weight in the European Parliament.

[2] The concepts of nationality and patriotism emerged with capitalism , when the bourgeoisie found it useful to define a territory and a population as their own, excluding all those who were outside the borders, subject to very tight control. In the U E , the creation of a global market suffered a setback with the use of covid-19 to confine and impoverish populations and make even more precarious employment and access to regular income, even if meager.

Still on patriotism, note the competitive and excluding commitment of international football championships. Perhaps one day the mobs' winning eagerness will slide into the demand for a degree of violence like the one well portrayed in the movie Rollerball (2002).

 



[1] In Portugal, this innovation was carried out by two PS entities; such Vieira da Silva, a former minister who retired and Pedro Marques, his subordinate and executor of this innovation about fifteen years ago, currently to accumulate political weight in the European Parliament.

[2] PME – Pequenas e Médias Empresas (Small and Median Compamies)

[3] The concepts of nationality and patriotism emerged with capitalism , when the bourgeoisie found it useful to define a territory and a population as their own, excluding all those who were outside the borders, subject to very tight control. In the U E , the creation of a global market suffered a setback with the use of covid-19 to confine and impoverish populations and make even more precarious employment and access to regular income, even if meager.